Cody Carroll

Cody Carroll

Assistant Professor at University of San Francisco

Publications

† denotes a student under mentorship.
* denotes equal first authorship.

  • Improving Conservation Efficiency: Accelerating Groundwater Sustainability Plan Reviews Using Large Language Models.
    R. Bernstein†, S. Waterman†, K. Klausmeyer, N. Murphy, M. M. Rohde, C. Carroll. Environmental Challenges, 101575 (2026). (pdf) (poster) (doi).

  • The Token Tax: Systematic Bias in Multilingual Tokenization.
    J. M. Lundin, A. Zhang†, N. Karim†, H. Louzan†, V. Wei†, D. Adelani, C. Carroll. European Chapter of Association for Computational Linguistics, AfricaNLP 2026 Workshop (2026). (pdf) (poster).

  • An Open-Source Deep Learning-Based Toolbox for Automated Auditory Brainstem Response Analyses (ABRA).
    A. Erra†, C. Miller, J. Chen†, E. Chrysostomou, S. Barret, Y. M. Kassim, R. A. Friedman, A. Lauer, F. Ceriani, W. Marcotti, C. Carroll, U. Manor. Scientific Reports (2026). (pdf) (poster).

  • Predicting Progressive Vision Loss in Glaucoma Patients Using Functional Principal Component Analysis and Electronic Health Records.
    R. K. Donnipadu†, M. Sivolella†, C. Carroll, S. Y. Wang. Frontiers in Ophthalmology 5, 1632827 (2025). (pdf) (poster).

  • Comparative Embryology and Transcriptomics of Asellus infernus, an Isopod Crustacean From Sulfidic Groundwater.
    H. J. Lomheim, L. Reyes Rodas, D. Price, S. M. Sarbu, R. I. Băncilă, C. Carroll, et al. Evolution & Development 27(3), e70014 (2025). (pdf).

  • Consistency and Validity of Participatory Science Data: A Comparison of Seasonality Patterns of Northern California and Nevada Birds Across eBird and iNaturalist.
    C. Carroll, R. E. Furrow, L. M. Gerhart. Citizen Science: Theory and Practice 10(1) (2025). (pdf) (poster).

  • Latent Deformation Models for Multivariate Functional Data and Time Warping Separability.
    C. Carroll and H.-G. Müller. Biometrics 79(4), 3345–3358 (2023). (pdf).

  • Learning delay dynamics for multivariate stochastic processes, with application to the prediction of the growth rate of COVID-19 cases in the United States.
    P. Dubey, Y. Chen, Á. Gajardo, S. Bhattacharjee, C. Carroll, Y. Zhou, and H.-G. Müller. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 514(2), 125677 (2022). (pdf).

  • Comparison of Diagnostic Predictors of Neonatal Survivability in Non-Domestic Caprinae.
    T. N. Bliss, M. J. Marinkovich, R. E. Burns, C. Carroll, M. M. Clancy, L. L. Howard. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 53(1), 31–40 (2022). (pdf).

  • Cross-component Registration for Multivariate Functional Data, with Application to Growth Curves.
    C. Carroll, H.-G. Müller, A. Kneip. Biometrics 77(3), 839–851 (2021). (pdf).

  • A Practical Method to Quantify Knowledge-Based Dose Volume Histogram Prediction Accuracy and Uncertainty with Reference Cohorts.
    B. Covele, C. Carroll, K. Moore. Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics 22(3), 279–284 (2021). (pdf).

  • Time dynamics of COVID-19.
    C. Carroll, S. Bhattacharjee, Y. Chen, P. Dubey, J. Fan, Á. Gajardo, X. Zhou, H.-G. Müller, and J.-L. Wang. Scientific Reports 10(1), 21040 (2020). (pdf).

  • Mountaineers on Mount Everest: effects of age, sex, experience, and crowding on rates of success and death.
    R. B. Huey*, C. Carroll*, R. Salisbury, J.-L. Wang. PLoS One 15(8), e0236919 (2020). (pdf).

Whitepapers

  • No Text Needed: Forecasting MT Quality and Inequity from Fertility and Metadata.
    J. M. Lundin, A. Zhang†, D. Adelani, C. Carroll. (pdf).

  • Bias Evaluation and Correction of Heat Index Forecasts Using Climate Observations in California.
    A. Klaus†, F. Chiang, C. Carroll. Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), (2026). (pdf).

  • A. Lobo†, J. Li†, A. Taylor, B. Grime, K. Klausmeyer, C. Carroll. An Automated Sea Urchin Counting Pipeline for Kelp Forest Restoration Monitoring. The Nature Conservancy, (2026). (pdf) (video)

  • X. Wang†, W.-C. Liao†, K. Klausmeyer, N. Rindlaub, C. Carroll. An Automated Workflow for Satellite-based Monitoring of Field Flooding. The Nature Conservancy, (2023). (pdf) (poster) (Github page.)

Posters

  • Network-Informed Functional Kinase Activity Profiling in a BRAF-Mutant Colorectal Cancer Patient-Derived Xenograft Model.
    B. Karimi†, H. Lin, C. Carroll, J.-P. Coppé. American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) Annual Meeting (2026). (poster).

  • Teaching Taichi as Participatory Arts in Multilingual Communities for Healthy Aging and Wellness.
    E. Y. Ho, S. Pak, J. Lu, J. Leung, A. Gent†, C. Carroll, G. Leung, et al. International Conference on Communication in Healthcare (ICCH), Belfast, Northern Ireland (2026).

  • Gentle Movement, Lasting Health: Taichi for Holistic Aging.
    A. M. Li, Y. Zhong, N. Ha, …, A. Gent†, C. Carroll, G. Leung, E. Y. Ho. Creative Activity and Research Day, USF (2026). (poster).

  • Benchmarking Protein Language Model Embeddings for Kinase-Substrate Link Prediction.
    N. Deshmukh†, H. Lin, J.-P. Coppé, C. Carroll. Creative Activity and Research Day, USF (2026). (poster).

  • Predicting Glaucoma Progression with a Variable-Time Neural Controlled Differential Equation.
    S. Mulagan†, S. Y. Wang, C. Carroll. Creative Activity and Research Day, USF (2026). (poster).

  • Automated Sea Urchin Detection and Tracking for Kelp Forest Restoration Monitoring.
    J. Li†, A. Lobo†, A. Taylor, B. Grime, K. Klausmeyer, C. Carroll. USF MSDSAI Practicum Showcase (2026). (poster).

  • Low Resource Languages Pay Twice: Quantifying the High- vs. Low-Resource Language Gap in Predicting Large Language Model Accuracy through Tokenization Fertility and Parity.
    J. M. Lundin, A. Zhang†, N. Karim†, H. Louzan†, V. Wei†, D. Adelani, C. Carroll. European Chapter of Association for Computational Linguistics, AfricaNLP 2026 Workshop (2026). (poster).

  • To Merge or Not to Merge? A Circular Optimal Transport-Based Framework for Comparing and Fusing Seasonality Pattern Data across Participatory Science Platforms, with Application to eBird and iNaturalist.
    C. Carroll, R. E. Furrow, L. M. Gerhart. International Society for Ecological Modeling (ISEM) Global Conference, Tokyo, Japan (2025). (poster).

  • Long-Term Spatial Prediction of Glaucomatous Visual Field Loss.
    A. Chaubey†, E. Salazar†, C. Carroll, S. Y. Wang. Creative Activity and Research Day, USF (2025).

  • Low Resource Languages Pay Twice: Quantifying the High- vs. Low-Resource Language Gap in Predicting Large Language Model Accuracy through Tokenization Fertility and Parity.
    J. M. Lundin, A. Zhang†, N. Karim†, H. Louzan†, V. Wei†, D. Adelani, C. Carroll. Creative Activity and Research Day, USF (2025). (poster).

  • FlowZero: Leveraging Satellite Imagery for Proactive Water Management.
    KD Bartholomew†, A. Singh†, C. Carroll, K. Klausmeyer. Creative Activity and Research Day, USF (2025). (poster).

  • Predicting Progressive Vision Loss in Glaucoma Patients Using Functional Principal Component Analysis and Electronic Health Records.
    R. K. Donnipadu†, M. Sivolella†, C. Carroll, S. Y. Wang. American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) Symposium; and Creative Activity and Research Day, USF (2024). (poster).

  • Automated Analysis for Auditory Brainstem Responses (ABRs) in Mice.
    J. Chen†, A. Erra†, C. Carroll. Creative Activity and Research Day, USF (2024).

  • Chat GDE: Can Large Language Models Evaluate Sustainability Plans for Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems?
    R. Bernstein†, S. Waterman†, K. Klausmeyer, C. Carroll. Creative Activity and Research Day, USF (2024). (poster).

  • An Automated Workflow for Satellite-based Monitoring of Field Flooding.
    X. Wang†, W.-C. Liao†, K. Klausmeyer, N. Rindlaub, C. Carroll. Creative Activity and Research Day, USF (2023). (poster).

  • Benchmarking Dose-Volume Histogram Prediction Accuracy Between Different Knowledge-Based Models.
    B. Covele, C. Carroll, K. Moore. Joint AAPM/COMP Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada (2020).

Software

Media

The USF Data Science Podcast, co-host with Robert Clements (2022 - present)